![]() Overall, the review provides insight into SC functioning and represents a basis for further understanding of the pathology associated with SC dysfunction. Moreover, we focus on SC neural circuitry involving saccadic eye movement, and cognitive and innate behaviors. The systematic delineation of SC organization, cell types, and neural connections is further put into context across species as these depend upon laminar architecture. We further describe relevant neural circuits and specific cell types in relation to behavioral outputs and cognitive functions. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding of phenotypic diversity amongst SC neurons and their intrinsic circuits and long-projection targets. Moreover, cell-type-specific SC neurons integrate afferent signals within local networks to generate defined output related to innate and cognitive behaviors. The superior colliculus (SC), one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands, is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution.
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